With an increase in blood pressure (blood pressure) or hypertension, as a rule, pensioners suffer, although recently the disorder has become increasingly appearing among young people.At the same time, people often do not suspect a serious problem, many erase headache on lower sleep or bad weather.The lack of high pressure treatment can lead to the development of stroke, heart attack.Therefore, for the timely detection of the disease, it is necessary to study in detail the main causes of hypertension.
What is hypertension
Arterial hypertension (hypertension), hypertension or hypertension is a serious chronic disease, which is characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure (while the indicators of the systolic pressure are greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg).Hypertension is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system.An increase in blood pressure in the pots occurs due to the narrowing of the arteries and their small branches: the arterioles.
The value of blood pressure depends on the peripheral resistance, on the elasticity of the vessels.With the irritation of the hypothalamus receptors, in greater quantities, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormones that cause spasms of microsudes and arteries, thickening of their walls, begin to produce an increase in the viscosity of the blood.This leads to the appearance of arterial hypertension, which in the end becomes irreversible, stable.There are two forms of high pressure:
- Essential (primary).It is 95% of cases of hypertension.The reason for the apparition of this form is the totality of several factors (inheritance, poor ecology, excess weight).
- Secondary.It represents 5% of cases of hypertension.Hypertension in this form is caused by disorders in the body (kidney, liver, heart disease).
The initial phase of the disease or its hidden course can be suspected if you notice a person:
- Deterioration of memory;
- heachache;
- not motivated feeling of anxiety;
- Freddo;
- hyperhidrosis (increase in sweating);
- small points in front of the eyes;
- numbness of the fingers;
- hyperemia (redness) of the skin of the front;
- Heart Heartbeat;
- irritability;
- low performance;
- Swelling of the face in the morning.
The causes of hypertension
With the normal functioning of the body, the heart guides blood through all the vases, providing nutrients and oxygen to the cells.If the arteries lose their elasticity or the hoof, the heart begins to work stronger, the tone of the blood vessels increases and their diameter shrinks, which brings high pressure.The beginning of hypertension is due to disorders of the autonomous and central nervous system, which are closely related to emotions.Therefore, when a person is nervous, he often begins to increase pressure.
After 60 years, the development of arterial hypertension is associated with the appearance of atherosclerosis (chronic arteries) when cholesterol plates overlap with normal blood flow.In this case, the higher pressure in the patient can increase to 170 mm hg.Art. And the bottom remain less than 90 mm hg.Art.In addition, many doctors identify the general causes of arterial hypertension:
- violation of the blood circulation of all vital organs;
- Psycho -Emational Overstrain;
- Sparation the muscles of the cervical vertebrae;
- genetic pathology;
- reduction of elasticity, thickening of the blood vessels;
- hypocinesia (sedentary lifestyle);
- hormonal changes;
- Diseases of internal organs (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive consumption of salt;
- bad habits.
In men
The aspect of hypertension, as a rule, is subject to men aged between 35 and 50 years.Hypertension is diagnosed in patients who already have a stable form of disease.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.Often the causes of high blood pressure in the strong half of humanity are caused by their work.The disease affects those people whose activities are associated with strong physical and mental stress.The responsible workers suffer from the disease, for which every mistake is always a strong stress.Other causes of hypertension in men:
- smoking, alcohol abuse;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- non -compliance with nutritional rules (fast food, sweets);
- Renal diseases (glomerulonefrite, pyelonefrite, urolitiasis);
- Take drugs (colds from colds, colds, sleeping pills or hormonal medicines);
- abandonment of physical activity;
- Problems with blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- Traumatization of the central nervous system (central nervous system).
In women
The symptoms of the manifestations of arterial hypertension in women and men are not particularly different (lack of breath, headache, ears in the ears, dizziness), but the weakest sex is more likely to meet such a disease.The causes of hypertension in women can differ from similar in men, and this is due to hormones.There are also such forms of disease that are not at all characteristic of strong sex - this is hypertension with menopause and during pregnancy.
As a rule, in women, hypertension is diagnosed during menopause (after 45-50 years).At this moment the body undergoes significant changes: the number of estrogen products begins to contract.In addition, the causes of hypertension in women can be as follows:
- receipt of contraceptives;
- stress, overload;
- insufficient quantity of potassium in the body;
- Hypodynamia (sedentary lifestyle);
- Excess body weight;
- poor nutrition;
- I start;
- bad habits (alcoholism, smoke);
- diabetes mellitus;
- cholesterol metabolism;
- Reni pathology, adrenal glands;
- vascular diseases;
- Obstructive apnea syndrome (respiratory arrest).
At a young age
Hypertonic disease is rarely observed in people under the age of 25.Often an increase in blood pressure at a young age is associated with neurocirculatory dystonia (a complex of cardiovascular system disorders), when only higher pressure indicators change.The cause of these violations in children can be a great load during school lessons.In almost all cases, high blood pressure in the child is a consequence of the pathology of the endocrine system, that is, the hypertension of children is generally secondary.The development of arterial hypertension at a young age can have other causes:
- hereditary factor;
- excess of food, the use of a large amount of salt;
- weather conditions;
- Spine diseases.
- Electromagnetic, sound radiation;
- Nervous overstrain;
- kidney pathologies;
- intake of drugs that affect the condition of blood pressure;
- overweight;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- Non -compliance with the sleep regime.
The reasons for the development of hypertension
The occurrence of hypertension in 90 % of patients is associated with cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, painful heart, etc.).The remaining 10% refers to symptomatic hypertension, that is, hypertension is a sign of another disease (renal inflammation, adrenal tumors, narrowing of kidney arteries), hormonal failure, diabetes, traumatic cerebral lesion and stress.Risk factors for the development of hypertension are classified on the basis of two indicators:
- Not mounted.The reasons why a person cannot influence.This includes:
- Inheritance.Arterial hypertension is considered a disease transmitted through genes.Therefore, if the family had patients with hypertension, there is the possibility that the disorder appears in the next generation.
- Physiological factor.Middle -age men are more sensitive to diseases than fair sex.This is explained by the fact that in the period aged 20 to 50, a woman's body produces more sexual hormones that perform a protective function.
- Changed.Factors that depend on a person, his lifestyle and decisions:
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Excess weight;
- stress;
- bad habits;
- insomnia;
- the use of a large amount of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- take drugs;
- weight lifting;
- Meteorological fluctuations.
Inheritance
One of the factors of predisposition to arterial hypertension is inheritance.These can be anatomical characteristics that are transmitted with genes.They are expressed in the difficulty of blood flow, which influences the increase in blood pressure.The presence of hypertension in the relatives of the first connection (mother, father, grandparents, native brothers or sisters) means a high probability of developing the disease.The risk of the onset of the disease increases if the hypertension has been observed immediately in different relatives.
As a rule, hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only a predisposition to it, this is due to neuropsychic reactions and metabolic characteristics (carbohydrates, fats).Often the implementation of a tendency to hereditary pathology is due to external influences: nutrition, living conditions, adverse climatic factors.
Illnesses
Cardiovascular diseases (heart disease, ischemia) can cause high blood pressure.With these disorders, the rorte gaps are partially reduced - it means that the pressure increases.Vascular defects in nodular polyartrosis also contribute to the growth of blood pressure.Diabetes mellitus is another cause of arterial hypertension.The presence of atherosclerotic plates narrows the lumen of the blood vessels, which is an obstacle for normal blood circulation.The heart begins to work in improved mode, creating greater pressure.Diseases that can cause hypertension:
- Renal inflammation;
- Patologies of the lymphatic system and liver;
- cervical osteochondrosis;
- violation of the pancreas and the thyroid gland;
- sclerosis of the arteries;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- adrenal tumor;
- traumatic brain lesions;
- narrowing of kidney arteries.
Hormonal changes
The violations of the endocrine organs (thyroid gland, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are frequent high pressure causes.These pathological processes slow down the production of sex hormones and their effect on the brain of the lower appendix, especially for women during menopause.The serious causes of increasing blood pressure, which contribute to the excessive synthesis of hormones, are the following diseases:
- Kushing syndrome;
- tireotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - an increase in the functions of the thyroid gland;
- neoplasms on the adrenal glands;
- Acromegalia (compromised function of the anterior pituitary gland);
- Feochromocytoma (active hormonal tumor);
- Kon syndrome.
Age
Hypertension, as a rule, is more often observed in the elderly.This is due to the fact that over time the arteries lose their elasticity and this has a great influence on pressure.In addition, in people after 40 years, metabolic processes slow down, against the background of the consumption of a large amount of high calorie foods and an incorrect attitude towards food, obesity develops and therefore hypertension.
Today, this cause of the disease, like age, has undergone changes.The disease is considerably young, about 10% of teenagers are subject to pathology and, as they grow, the percentage increases alone.Every third resident after 40 years suffers from high pressure.In fact, in addition to the natural decline of the body's resistance, the influence of the inheritance, the lifestyle changes with age.
Life
Another cause of arterial hypertension is the lack of physical activity.Sports have a beneficial effect on blood circulation and body as a whole, but not many people decide to start leading an active lifestyle in order to protect themselves from the development of hypertension.The lack of physical exercises causes obesity and overweight and, consequently, increased blood pressure.
Hypochinesia is a common disease of our time, when a person moves little, and this leads to a violation of the work of the blood vessels.Malse nutrition, bad habits, improper lifestyle causes blood pressure, since the weakening of muscle tissue and spine reduces the tone of the blood vessels necessary for a good blood circulation.Working on the computer also increases the risk of illness.
Nutrition
The next factor that contributes to the appearance of hypertension is bad diet.The foods, sweet, fried, acute, smoked and fat often cause an increase in unwanted pressure.In fact, to remove excess sodium from the body, the kidneys take some time.Until the moment in which this does not happen, the excess of salt contains water, which causes swelling in people suffering from hypertension.
The lack of potassium can increase blood pressure.This element helps to relax the blood vessels and the body - free from sodium.There are many potassium in tomatoes, dairy products -caseari, cocoa, potatoes, legumes, parsley, plums, melons, bananas, green vegetables, sunflower seeds.These products should be included in the daily diet.It is necessary to reject fat, fatty meat and smoked meats, because they lead to excess weight and often accompany high pressure.In addition, these food products are harmful to the body:
- butter;
- canned food;
- offal;
- fatty cream, cream;
- acute condiments;
- flour products;
- Tonic drinks with caffeine;
- Sweet drinks of soda.
Bad habits
A high dose of alcohol and the postmates of a hangover caused by this hangover negatively affects the state of health.Regular and excessive alcohol consumption can improve heartbeat, strongly increase blood pressure, cause a heart attack.Smoking also does not affect pressure.Nicotine contributes to the increase in the wrist, the rapid wear of the heart, which leads to the development of coronary and atherosclerosis diseases.
Tobacco and alcohol have a negative effect on the entire organism.When smoking and drinks alcohol, the expansion occurs first, and then a strong reduction of the blood vessels, due to which their spasm is created and the blood flow worsens.Hence the increase in blood pressure.In addition, the chemicals that are part of the cigarettes are able to violate the elasticity of the walls of the blood vessels, form plates that will obstruct arteries.
Excess weight
A common cause of hypertension is obesity and excess body weight.The excess weight occurs due to a sedentary lifestyle, metabolic disorders, abundant meals with a high content of fats, carbohydrates, salt.Open people are always at risk, because their high blood pressure increases with the load on the vessels and on the heart.
In addition, obesity increases cholesterol in the blood, which can cause the appearance of diabetes.Patients more than a weight of 3 times more often suffer from hypertension than people with normal body weight.A person with obesity is more susceptible to atherosclerosis, which is an additional factor in the appearance of high blood pressure.A weight loss even 5 kg will significantly reduce blood pressure and improve blood sugar.
Ecology
Many people respond painfully to time, that is, they depend on time.Even a completely healthy person who is rarely in fresh air and leads a sedentary lifestyle can be sensitive to the change of time.As a rule, the weather in people suffering from hypertension appear in unusual climatic and landscape conditions, therefore before traveling, preparing a road kit.
The poor ecology of the city also seriously increases blood pressure, damaging the cardiovascular system and developing hypertension.Even the short effect of harmful substances that a person inal every day can cause the development of hypertension.Three common pollutants of all modern cities - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide - negatively influence blood pressure and vascular function.
Stress
The nervous-emotional tension (stress, nervous failure, excessive emotion) is the most common cause of exacerbation of hypertension.For human health, any unexpressed and depressed negative emotions are dangerous.A long experience of stress is a constant stress that consumes blood vessels and the heart faster than this would happen in a calm atmosphere.A consequence of a nervous exhaustion is often an increase in pressure and hypertensive crisis.Stress in combination with alcohol and smoking is particularly harmful, because this combination strongly increases blood pressure.
As a rule, in a person with hypertension, the pressure increases and persists longer, even with slight emotional stress.Gradually, with the repetitions of the increase in blood pressure, which can last for many months, the apparatus responsible for regulating blood pressure gets used to loading and blood pressure is slowly set at a certain level.